What is segmental varicose veins?
This is a form of venous foot disease in which there is no venous discharge. In this case, inflammation of the deep veins, or branches, with a diameter of 3 mm or more occurs.
The development of the disease begins with the fact that the functioning of the venous valves is impaired. This leads to a reflux of blood. This is called reflux. Violations that occur later become the cause of inflammation and pathological expansion of the walls of the branch veins.
Varicose veins develop only in the veins (the vessels that carry blood from the organs to the heart). The reason for this is the change in the structure of the veins and arteries: the venous walls do not have enough muscle layer in order to contract and push blood through the bloodstream.There are valves along the entire length of the veins that allow blood to flow in only one direction. With insufficient closing of the valves, a portion of the blood flows back and creates excessive pressure in the vessel, which is unable to push the fluid further.
This then leads to the extension of the walls and the development of inflammatory processes in the dysfunctional parts of the veins, an increase in pressure in the subcutaneous network.
All veins in the human body are divided into deep, superficial and perforated. Deep vessels do almost all the work (90%) of transporting blood to the heart, and perforated vessels are a kind of bridge between depth and surface.
The structure of the veins includes valves that direct and facilitate the outflow of blood only in the right direction. When the circulatory system fails, a portion of the blood collects at one point.
This leads to local expansion (extension) of the container. The first to suffer are the deep veins (the so-called internal varicose veins), later superficial in the form of "spider veins and joints".
For a full perception of the severity of the disease, it is worth noting that its progression threatens the development of thrombophlebitis, blockage of the pulmonary artery with a thrombus (or thromboembolism), as well as trophic leg ulcers, lymphostasis (edema of the extremitiespatient) and many other problems that can lead to death disease
It has already been proven that the risk factors that significantly increase the possibility of developing pathology are:
The spread of varicose veins in the legs, leading to varicose veins, occurs for many reasons.
One of the main reasons for this type of varicose veins is the pathology in the development of blood vessels, when the muscular walls of the veins become denser and a so-called membrane forms inside. Arterial blood does not enter the capillary system, so the tissues do not receive the required amount of oxygen.
Enlarged arm veins are rarely removed, conservative treatment is usually used:
Compression sleeves and gloves are also prescribed for patients. It is not recommended to wear tight socks all the time, but during sports, strenuous physical activity and weight lifting, it is necessary.
These sleeves and gloves help relieve swelling, heaviness and numbness in the hands. Exercising on the stepper simulator helps improve blood circulation throughout the body, which is necessary for varicose veins.
One of the reasons for development is heritage. Moreover, the "familial" disease is transmitted mainly through the female line. The characteristics of the structure of blood vessels are transmitted through genes. By not following the basic rules of prevention, with weak vein walls, you can get varicose veins.
The second reason is pregnancy. At this time, a large load on the veins, the tone of which decreases due to changes in the hormonal background. Strong pressure is exerted by the growing uterus and increasing weight. Childbirth has an even greater negative effect on the veins. It was at this time that varicose veins awaken in many women.
Uncomfortable shoes and clothes are another reason. Skinny jeans and shoes, high heels, heavy bags are conducive to a serious illness. The heel should not exceed four centimeters. The sole of the boots is wide.
The fourth reason is bad habits and difficult working conditions. Waiters, hairdressers, sellers are especially susceptible to such diseases. If you add a wrong diet, smoking, then varicose veins can not be avoided. Even a harmless "cross-legged" landing can lead to catastrophic consequences.
Sports loads should be in moderation. Varicose veins are common in weightlifters. Barbell lifting and strength training is another reason. If we add predisposition to this, then the result is not pleasant. It should always be remembered that fitness is not always beneficial.
The most common type of varicose veins are varicose veins in the legs, so many people think that the problem is concentrated only on these parts of the body. But there are several types of this disease, which are distinguished by the location of the pathology.
Such places are:
Varicose veins or varicose veins are a disease in which blood flow is impaired due to thinning and loss of venous wall elasticity. This disease does not appear suddenly, it is preceded by many factors.
The main thing is blockage of blood in the extremities due to a sedentary lifestyle. First, the unexpressed vascular "legs" and "stars" appear in the legs.
Then, if you do not start treatment, the veins become denser, allowing fluid to pass, because of this, blood circulation slows down and large, protruding veins appear in the legs. There are different types of varicose veins depending on how the disease progresses.
Varicose veins are not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious disease with complications. Complications of varicose veins include: thrombophlebitis, bleeding, skin pigmentation in areas with varicose veins, lack of oxygen to tissues.This disease should be treated as soon as the first symptoms appear, then the treatment is easier and faster. Before starting treatment, you need a diagnosis of varicose veins, you should donate blood for tests and undergo a general examination.
Diagnosis is needed to determine the type of varicose veins and to prescribe effective treatment to relieve the unpleasant symptoms, to restore the ease and beauty of the foot.
Types of varicose veins are classified according to the severity of the disease and the location of the varicose veins. The symptoms and treatment of each type of varicose vein also differ from one another. Let’s take a closer look at what types of varicose veins exist, their symptoms, and treatment methods.
Varicose veins in the legs
Every year, more and more cases are registered with varicose veins, especially in young people. But a few decades ago, varicose veins were considered a disorder of the elderly.
Therefore, modern specialists have developed a classification system for the main and most common types of disease. The types of varicose veins in the legs vary in symptoms, location, and degree of progression.
The structure of the venous system is very complex and includes large, medium, small, reticular, capillary vessels.
Deformity of the veins in the lower extremities can occur in all parts of this system, as well as in some of its areas.
Based on which vessels have undergone changes, the following types of varicose veins are analyzed:
Each type of varicose veins of the lower extremities requires detailed examination due to the peculiarities of the pathological process.
This type of disease is characterized by damage to the reticular veins, the diameter of which is not more than 2 mm. These vessels are blue or green and are often intertwined in the form of nets, lines, stars. They are located immediately under the skin.
The whole course of the disease is usually divided into four stages, each of which is characterized by certain signs:
Varicose veins have several stages. If treatment is not started on time, then the transition of the disease to the next stage can not be avoided.
Treatment of varicose vein stages is different. If in the first stage the patient can be helped by medication therapy, oils, vitamins and exercises in a simulator such as a stepper, then it will take more time and effort to alleviate the symptoms of the next stages.
In the last stage, only surgery can help. True, modern methods of treating varicose veins are very effective, painless and do not require long-term rehabilitation.
Such operations are performed in a hospital, do not require hospitalization of the patient and have no complications.
At risk are patients whose work is accompanied by either intense physical exertion or constant shrinkage in one place. Depending on the stage and type of varicose veins, the doctor prescribes treatment individually.
When varicose veins in the leg were diagnosed in the first stage, it responds to treatment very quickly, the doctor gives a positive prognosis. Therefore, it is very important, when the first symptoms of discomfort appear on the feet, hands or other organs of the body, to urgently contact a qualified specialist who will qualitatively diagnose the pathology and prescribe a treatment that will give youadapts to your individual characteristics and body structure.
1 and 2 stages of varicose veins in the legs do not require radical therapy. Medication treatment with medication, and also recommended products that support the walls of blood vessels, these can be vitamins, trace elements, minerals and other beneficial substances that are missing in the body.
In addition to pharmacological treatment, sclerotherapy is often used - a medical method, during which the victim is injected with medication into the affected vein for adhesion to the affected areas.
appointments It is also important to schedule special physical exercises that stimulate the work of the muscular system, metabolism in blood cells and artificially increase the tone of the vessels of the legs.
Regardless of the type and type of varicose veins, it is a pathology of the veins, which is caused by an improper lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Moderate daily physical activity and the use of heavily fortified foods will provide every person with qualified prevention of this disease.
Grade 1 varicose veins are characterized by a lack of external manifestations. The onset of the disease can be suspected by the following signs:
Some patients have Restless Legs Syndrome - lying in bed, a person can not find a comfortable position, has a feeling of restlessness in the legs. This leads to sleep disturbance. An increase in symptoms is observed in hot weather.
With grade 2 varicose veins, the symptoms are much more pronounced. They already appear at the peak of the working day and by evening reach their maximum. The pain is so severe that pain medication is required.
This stage is characterized by the appearance of clinical signs:
In these areas, there is increased bitterness and itching. At the end of the second stage of varicose veins of the lower extremities, the veins become visible under the skin in the form of blue spots and streaks.
Warning: At this stage, the disease is still curable. A person can get rid of the disease if he seeks medical help in a timely manner.
Grade 3 varicose veins are characterized by marked deformation of the vascular wall - it thickens, and the vessels become constricted. The veins protrude significantly under the skin, in their appearance resembling bunches of grapes.A person worries about severe leg pain, cramps, fatigue. Swnjtja appears both in the evening and in the morning. This stage of varicose veins is characterized by a change in the condition of the skin. It becomes extremely dry and shaky. These manifestations are particularly pronounced in the area of deformed veins.
Symptoms of stage III varicose veins in the legs
In the third stage, complications of the disease develop - thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism. Their appearance is accompanied by pronounced stagnation of blood in the vessels, as a result of which blood clots form. With thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the venous wall occurs, which is manifested by an increase in temperature and severe pain in the legs.
Thromboembolism is a dangerous complication of varicose veins associated with the separation of a thrombus from the venous wall and its insertion into large vessels. Most often, blood clots from the veins of the legs enter the pulmonary artery. This causes pulmonary edema and death occurs within minutes.
This has already been neglected with varicose veins. The veins are even more deformed, resembling dwarfs or ropes under the skin. Their touch is painful, they are almost always in the stage of inflammation. Lymphostasis develops - the stagnation of lymph in the vessel. The feet are very swollen, and the swelling does not subside even at rest.
The scientific community of the world has systematized the manifestations of varicose veins of the lower extremities.
Given the patient's proper attention to his state of health, it is simply impossible not to notice the onset of disease development.
As the disease progresses, the patient will experience more and more pain, a constant tingling sensation in the knee area.
If varicose veins of the 2nd degree of the esophagus are found, a person will not be able to eat normally, he will constantly injure with heartburn and pain in the chest area. By the way, many blame the heart and intercostal neuralgia for this - rarely does anyone know about the existence of varicose veins of the esophagus.
Visually, the disease appears more and more: prominent blue veins are already visible to the naked eye, dark blue nodules may appear under the skin.
Do you need surgery for grade 2 varicose veins? It is still possible to prevent the development of the disease without surgical intervention: you just need not be lazy and take care of your feet regularly.Men's inguinal varicose veins
Most often, the disease appears in men after fifty years. The cause of male infertility may be venous dilation of the spermatic cord.
Varicose veins develop gradually. At first, structural changes in the veins have no external manifestations, and the disease can only be determined by the following signs:
One of the listed signs or their common appearance indicates the initial stage of venous insufficiency. Seeking medical attention and taking timely measures can prevent further structural changes in the circulatory system. Ignoring the signs of the disease leads to further development of the disease.
The next stage is characterized by the appearance of external marks: enlarged vessels become visible on the skin, in some areas of the lower extremities, skin pigmentation changes and peeling is observed. Further, knots and seals appear on the skin, and when pressed, the pain is felt.
Sometimes redness appears on the surface of the skin in these places. Areas emerging from blood vessels and joints are clearly visible if the patient is in a standing position. After taking a supine position, the tension of the vessels is significantly reduced and they become virtually invisible. Long-term walking can cause muscle pain of varying intensity.
The described clinical picture requires an immediate visit to a specialist and qualified assistance. Lack of necessary treatment in most cases leads to serious complications.
Pathology is diagnosed using diagnostic measures such as Doppler sonography and duplex scanning.
Doppler ultrasonography reveals reflux. Duplex scanning complements the information obtained during Doppler imaging and allows you to confirm the diagnosis.
In the early stages, only a specialist can identify varicose veins. If you suspect a disease, you should contact a vascular surgeon or phlebologist. After the initial study and examination of the patient, additional studies are prescribed - ultrasound and contrast venography.
With the help of ultrasound examination, it is possible to confirm the presence of pathology, as well as to determine the presence of blood clots, neoplasms and to assess the structural changes in the veins. Contrast venography is performed by intravenous administration of a special coloring compound, due to the movement of which all violations of the structure and functioning of the circulatory system are detected.
Both methods are used in the diagnosis, however, due to the less pain of the procedure, ultrasound is performed much more often.The disease can be treated with medication as well as surgery.
Ointments and creams for external use are used in conservative therapy:
The duration of use of topical preparations depends on the severity of varicose veins and is determined by the attending physician. The effect is usually noticed in the second week of use.
In addition to medication, the patient is also prescribed wearing compression footwear (scale 1-2).
Varicose veins of the lower extremities are one of the most common vascular pathologies and according to statistical data, it is becoming constantly new from year to year.